Photomechanical typographical composing machine



Nov. 3, 1945. R. C. ELLIOTT ETAL 2,338,96

v PHOTO-MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHNE Filed Oct. l. 1943 1GSheets-Sheva l Nov. 13, 1945. R. c. ELLIOTT ETAL d 2,388,951

PHOTO-MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHICL COMPOSING MACHINE I Filed on. 1, 1945 1osheets-sheet 2 am 5B New. 13, 1.945E y R. c'. ELLIOTT E-rAL 2,388,961

PHOTO-QMECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHICAL GOMPOSING MACHNE Filed Oct. 1, 1943 10Sheets-Sheet 3 Nov..r13,l 1945. v Fe. c. 51.1.1011` Erm. I 2,338,951

PHOTO-MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHIGAL COMPGSING MAGHNE 4 m. .v s, m mme Ymfm.3, www@ 2 E ...u m .m e Q m. m WWQVMMM G @19W n.. .1!!111111111 W m AQAH....v O 11111111111111111 .l IJ L w i A W H..- M 1 n m L o w ll .A +1.ub w w4 E n a C. N M .l R. m F mv MEQ m m 0 m .hmQ D..

Nov. 13, 1945.

Nav.V 13, 1945. R c ELL|oT1' ErAL 2,388,961

K PHOT-MECHAHICAL TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPSING CHINE Filed Oct. 1. 1943 10Sheets-Sheet 7 R. C. ELLIOTT El' AL Nv.v13, 194s.

PHOTO-HECHANIGAL TYPOGRAPHIGAL COMPO'SING MACHINE Filed oct. 1, 1942s 1osheets-sheet s MvEMTORS Nwm E??? N450 R. c. ELLIOTT ET A1.

PHOTO-MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE 1o sheets-'sheet 9Fled'OGt. l, 1943 ieg/bl (BQUYA SIW-Yi Ego@ l Nvamzons.

Nov. 13, 1945. R. c. ELLIOTT ET A L 2,3883@ PHOTO-MECHANICALTYPOGRPHICAL COMPOSlNGr MACHINE Filed Oct. l, 1943 lO Sheets-Shea?. 10

| ooooooqooaooaouoooooyae'okaooocoooooooooooooooo Patented Nov. 13,1945- UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcl;

PHOTOMECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPO SING MACHINE 'Application October 1,1943, Serial No. 504,576 In Great Britain April 16, 1943 20 Claims.

This invention relates to photo-mechanical typographical composingmachines of the kind wherein single characters and other typographicalsymbolsor images can be projected in succession, by photographicmeans,from masters or originals, through a lens and on to a sensitised orlight-sensitive surface or element, to form thereon composed andjustified lines of text or letterpress.

More particularly the invention refers to ma" chines of the kindreferred to, in which the movements of co-operating elements or unitsare governed/by a pre-prepared pattern, controller, record strip l`orotherl element which represents a preliminary setting of thecomposition.

In such machines, characters, images and other symbols 'pertaining to atypographical fount or lay-out, are conveniently arranged on a singlemaster plate or sheet, by any method which will render them suitable forprojection by light. This master plate can be mounted in supports and beadjustable sothat any character or image thereon may be selectivelypositioned in alignment with a lens or lens system for projection on to,and photographing upon, the sensitised or lightl sensitive surface orelement.

In 'some of the hitherto proposed machines, the sensitised surface orelement, on which compositionis to be made, is in the form of a sheet orpage, which is moved sidewise for each character or the like in a lineand the extent of each movementis generally varied in accordance withthe width of the character or the like projected or to be projected.AAfter the completion of a line of compositionL the sheet or page ismoved lengthwise -or at right-angles to the movement above referred to,to present a fresh portion thereof for a succeeding line of composition.In other machines, the sensitised element is in the form of a narrowribbon or strip and the lines` of text matter are composed end to endthereon. Such ribbon or strip is advanced intermittently for eachcharacter or the like in a line, and on the completion of a line ofcompositiomthe strip or ribbon is advanced a sufficient distancetoprovide Afor marginal spaces-between successive lines and to positionthe strip forI the commencement of a fresh lineof composition, as in thecase of a sheet or page. `The lines of text on this ribbon or-striparetherea'fter photographed on to a page sheet by passing the said stripline by line through a second machine wherein the sensitised page sheetor element is mounted.

The photographed impression or matter on the' sensitised surface of apage or sheet element produced by either of these two( methods can betransferred by any known processes, to a plate'orA cylinder of alithographie or other press or machine from which printed ink copies onpaper can be obtained in anyknown manner.

(Cl. S35-4.5)

^ It is essential that the ultimate printed copies produced possess allthe 'refinements and accuracies existing with prints obtained fromhandset or machine-set metal types; such refinements consisting chieflyin accuracy of alignment, of spaces between characters and words, andalso equality of denition and colour of the characters through a pieceof composition.

In hitherto proposed machines wherein the characters or the like arephotographically impressed from masters or originals on to a sensitisedsheet or page which is advanced intermittently for successiveimpressions, the said page or sheet, together with feed mechanisms, areenclosed in alight-excluding box or casing, which carries the necessaryoperating mechanism, and,

. as this casing and the operating mechanism have to be moved bodily foreach character or like exposure, a considerable and undesirable load isplaced on the machine, which since the machine should be capable ofeffecting from say not less than 150 exposures per minute, mitigatesagainst accuracy and reliability, and the quality of the product.

' the speed of operation is of prime consideration and in practice thisspeed is, in a great measure, governed by the inertia of the parts to bemoved in each cycle of operation, In hitherto proposed machines, asalready referred to, the inertia to be overcome is very considerable andthe devices for ensuring accuracy in positioning with the variousmovements of the parts concerned are necessarily somewhat complicated.

It is the chief object of the present invention to provide an improvedand highly efficient machine for photographically projecting upon asensitised surface, in selected spaced relationship, images ofsuccessive elements for typographical composition and one which willovercome the aforesaid drawbacks and be capable of fulfillingthe'neceSSary requirements as to precision, accuracy and speed ofoperation.

It is an essential feature of the present invention that a support forasensitised receivingelement and the lens or lens system are /arrangedin a iixed focal plane and both remain stationary throughouttheletter-by-letter com-y `position. 0I a line of texton the said receivingth'e machine, may be one of several known to.

from the lens on to the said element is effected by a redactor which, bysuccessive linear movements, projects and determines the position of theproiected images along a line on the said focal plane.

In accordance with the present invention the reector which is arrangedbetween a stationary support for a sensitised receiving element and lastationary projecting lens is provided with two reecting surfaces atright angles to each other and at 45 to the optical axis of the lens,and the intermittent advances of the reflector are parallel with thefocal plane of the lens and the receiving element. y

In this arrangement the optical axis is bent by the reector through tworight angles between the lens and a sensitized receiving-element mountedin or on the aforesaid support and in all successive positions of thereector the focal tioned master ororiginal, falls on to one reectingsurface of the reector from which it is reected to the other reilectingsurface thereof and thence to a point or focus on a sensitizedreceiving-element mounted inthe said support, the said point beingdetermined by the linear `movements of the reiector.

Driving or feeding mechanism is provided for g aseaeei element and thatthe projection of the characters which the periorations control acompressed air Referring to the accompanying drawings:

l Fig. 1 isa diagrammatic perspective view of a photo-mechanicaltypographie composing machine embodying the present invention.

more essential features ofthe invention, namely, the movable reilectoror prism, the master plate, the lens, and the holden for the sensitisedreceiving element.

y Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the lineIII-III on Fig. 2.

It may be in the form of a perforated strip, in

or pneumatic system embodied' -in the machiner Fig. 2 is a crosssectionalelevaticn showing the l i Fig. 4 is a sectional plan on theline I'i-IV` onFig. 3. n i -v Fig. 5 is a sectional plan approximatelyon the line V-V on Fig. -2. l A

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation lthrough the casing containing thesensitised element, taken approximately on the line VI-VI onFig. 2.

Fig. 62 is a plan showing themechan'ism for @ned may also be made oi'light material,

g l advancing the sensitised element for each -fresh advancing thereiiector intermittently for sucune of composition l Y CESSV@ Character01 like Projections. in selected Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of thecontrolling Spaee lelatiOnSh-ip on the sensitised receivingmechanism forthe sensitised element taken apelement which, as stated above, remainsstation- I proximately on the line VII-VII on Fig. 5. ary throughout thecomposition of a line of mat'- 35 Fig, 8 is a section taken on the lineVIH-VIH ter thereon. 4 on Fien?.

Mechanism is also provided for varying the eiz- Fig. 9 is a. sectional'elevation of the driving tent of advance of the reiiector relatively toboth' gripper OI the lfeco the stationary lens and to the vstationarysensi- Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the grippenlooktized element inaccordance with the width of 4o ing in the direction of the arrow onFig. 9. the character or image projected or t0 be prog Fig. 1l is a planshowing the master plate and jected for each line of matter to becomposed on Carrier and the positioning mechanism thereforthe saidsensitized element. Such mechanism Fg- 12 is an elevation partly insection of the may conveniently be in the form of a graduated Variablestop or mechanism for measmmg or series of gauges controlled from or bythe record- Silmg the extent of each advance# of the tri i s D, a-varable stop, and translating mecha Fig 131m plan View thereof Y nism cooperating therewith.

Fig. 14 is a detail of the same mechanism taken Likewise mechanism,which determines or varon the line- MV on Fig. l2. les the extent oieach advance o the reflector y for the interword or justification spacesfor Fg '15 is B' magmmmatic View showing the pneumatic system of controland each line ci composition, may comprise a record- Stm Flg. 16 shows aportion of a record strip for p-controlled graduated series of gauges, a

s use with the said system oi control. translating mechanism and e,variable stop opermed ..1 In the vaccoinpanying drawings, A is the repior to the projection of the initial or leadrm l ing character or Iothersymbol in lin i nestor B the lens ca' v unit C the master position A a e0 com' plate and D is the holder or support for a sen- M ms Q sitisedsheet or plate.

ec ms, also controlled Hom the Tecom" In th'e embodiment of theinvention, now to strip, are provided for respectively returning the bedescribed the reector A is m the form of e Y reector to initial positionand for advancing the e0' mmm. comprising two reectmg strips mi berssensitlsed element ready for the reception of a An Ao, which are rigidlymed 1n e, supporting fiesh line of characters or the like after one lineframe A3 adapted to slide in a guiding frame A4 o composition hasbeenlcmpletedparallelly with the iocal planev of the lens B. The masteror original characters of the typ0= These bars A1, A2 are arranged atright angles graphical ountto be used are clear or transparto each otherand at 45 to the optical axis of the @mfobyblck lg Opaque bacrgrounidAand are lensB (see Figs.1,2,3and 5).

pre er assem ed on a pla e carr ed in ad- The re-lector audits carryingframe can be .instable rames so arranged that, under controlcomparatively light and thereby reduce theiweight 0f Signals in therecord-strip, positioning 0r transto be moved to a minimum and thus alsoreduce lating mechanisms selectively adjust the plate to the tendency tovibration due to the weightof bilg ny rfiuied char'ctelover the Optical@alle moving parts or shocks in starting or wrestlingo e ens. suchparts. The two mirror strips const tut A controller or record-strip,suitable for govthe reflector may be made of aluminium and the e themovements of elements or units of 7 sliding frame in which the reectoris rigidly It the machine is designed say for type up to a. maximum sizeof 1li-point then the width of each strip need not exceed of an inch.

The lens or lens unit B is arranged between the reflector A and themaster plate C (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and in such a position that theoptical axis of the lens falls just within the upper end of the strip A1when the reector is in its initial position (see Fig. 2). .An image onthe master plate C projected through the lens and along the optical axism will, in this position, fall on the mirror bar A1 and be reiiectedalong the line y on to the mirror bar A2 and thence along the line e onto a predetermined point at the left-hand side of a sensitised elementD1 (see sensitised sheet D1 is also moved forward by mechj 2) mounted inthe holder D. For each charthe reflector is advanced and the extent ofeach' of such advance is determined by a selectively positioned variablestop, in accordance with the width of each character or the like, aconvenient mechanism for eiiecting these movements'will be describedlater on. f

In each progressiveadvance of the reflector, the lines of the opticalaxis y and z will fall successively on lower points on thev members A1,.A11 of the reflector until the line of composition has been completedwhen the final position of the optical axis will be as indicated by thelines and feathered arrows y1, e1 as indicated in Fig. 2. It is to benoted that the optical axis is of constant length-throughout thechanging positions of the reflector during the composition of a line,and that the movement of the reector will in each case be half ofthe'true width apportioned to each character, symbol, or the like in anyline of composition.

In the present embodiment, the sensitised sheet element D1 to beemployed is in the form of a roll film preferably mounted on an apron orbacking carried on delivery and take-up rolls or spools D2, D3 (seeFigs. 3 and 5 to 8). Throughout the composition of a line of matter, thesensitised sheet D1 remains stationary While a line of matter, parallelwith the axis of the rolls D2, D1 (as indicated in Fig. 1), is composedthereon by the linear advance of the reilector A. The line of text inFig. 1 is merely to indicate the position since, actually, as will'beexplained later, the line will bein the order reverse to that shown.

The sensitised element or sheet D1 and its supports D, D3 are enclosedin a light-excluding casing X. Between the lower end of the tube B' andan opening in the cover of the casing X is arranged a bellows B16 topermit of the adjustment or initial setting of the lens tube B.

After a character or the like has been photographically projected fromthe master plate C on to the sheet D1, the reiiector A is moved bodilyto the right as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, the movement being in a planeparallel with the surface of the receiving element D1 and the focalplane oi.' the lens. The extent of 'each movement of the reflector Adepends upon the width or unit value of the character or the likeprojected or of an interword or other blank space and is deter- A minedin each instance by an adjustable stop F (see Figs. 1, 2, 5, l2' and 13)which is. or parts of which are, variably and selectively positionedunder control of signals in the controlling record-strip, for eachcharacter, symbol or the like to be projected. v

When all the characters, spaces, points, etc.

I for a complete line have been projected, the reflector A is returnedto initial position for the commencement of a fresh line of composition,by mechanism controlled from signals inthe record-strip. During thisreturn movement the anism controlled from signals in the record-strip,to present a fresh portion of the sensitised surface for the receptionof a fresh line of matter and parts of the'variable stop F are reset,likewise under control of the record-strip, for the 'justification ofthe next line of matter to be comfwhich a selectively positionedcharacter on the master plate is projected through the lens and on tothe member A1 of the reflector.

The master plate C bearing the characters, points and other symbols,usually included in a typographie fount, is fixed in a frame C1 which ismounted'to slide in one direction in a carrier C2, which in turn ismounted to slide in a bridge C3, at right angles to the movement of theframe C1'in the carrier C2 (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 11). Translatingmechanism is provided for moving the master plate in these twodirections in the same plane to bring the desired character or the likeon the master plate into or over the optical axis of the lens and suchmechanism is controlled from signals in the record-strip.

The master or character-bearing plate E may be of glass, or othertranslucent substance having transparent characters arranged in rows andcolumns on a black or opaque background. Interword spaces and variousspaces of fixed dimensions are conveniently represented on the masterplate by blank or opaque sections. The frame C1 in which the plate C ismounted, is furnished on two opposite sides with parallel guides c bywhich it is supported on the carrier C2. This carrier C2 is likewisefurnished on two opposite 'sides with guides c1 supported in astationary bridge or frame C11. The positioning of any character orsymbol on the plate A, in the optical axis of the lens, is eiected byselective horizontal movements of the frame C1 in the carrier Cz and bythe movement of the latter in its frame C? in the same plane and atright angles to the movement of the frame C1. these movements areeffected by two graduated gauges C3, Cl1 (see Figs. 1 and 11) eachcomprising a seriesof pins or stops any one of which can be raised, toact as a gauging stop for the translating mechanisms of the frame C1 andthe carrier C2, by signals in the record-strip., The positions denotedby these stops, when operated, are conveyed respectively to the frame C1and the carrier C2 by their separate translating or positioningmechanisms, each of which comprises a pair of levers carrying jaws whichoperate with the pins of their respective gauge C3 or C4. Thetranslating mechanism for the frame C1, comprises a l are connectedtogether attheir 4,other ends by a link C9 (see Figs. 1 and ll). Thelever C'I is pivotally attached to one end of a link C10 the oppositeend of which is mountedupon a stationary post C19 on the machine frame,and the In the presentl embodiment,l

lever C2. is similarly connected by a link C11 to a pin C12 carried byfahorizontally reciprocating quadrant C13 which is` fulcrumed atc2. Thisquadrant receives motion from a pairA of twin cams C14, C15, carried onthe main cam shafts Y, Z (see Fig. 1). The cams impart movement to alever C13, the upper end of which is coupled to a driving rod C1'I whichembodies a spring box or counters the elevated pin in the series'C4 andduring this movement the Jaw lever C31 is restrained by a spring C42.

When the jaw C22 has been arrested by an elevated pin, motion istransferred' to the lever C31 since the lever C1o turning on its pivoton the coupling C12and the other endof this driving rod is pivoted tothe quadrant C12 at c3.

Commencing with the jaws open or at starting position as shown in Fig.l; when the driving rod' C1'1 is movedv by the cams towards the right,motion will be tnansmitted through the linh C11to thelever CB which,being restrained by a spring C2", `turns on-the pivot connecting it tothe jaw C3 and transmits movement, through. the connecting link C9, tothe jaw lever CI which will now turn on its pivot on the link 01, andadvance the Jaw C5 until the latter is arrested by whichever pin of thevseries C3 is elevated, As soon as themovement of the-lever C2 isarrested by the contactof the jaw C5 with an elevated pin, the fulcrumof the system is transferred to the outer -end of the lever C1, and thislever becomes the power arm and transmits the continued driving movementofthe quadrant, through the coupling link C2 to the jaw lever C3,causingy this lever to turn on the pivot of its link C11 and advance thepin jaw Cs against the tension of the spring C211 until it contacts withthe jaw C5.. A drawrod C21 attached to the frame C1 of the master platepasses through a bearing block C22,on the jaw Cs and is furnished with ahead or stop C23. Cn the'jaw C8 is mounted a stop block C24, The

frame C1 may be moved by either jaw acting on i the head C23, dependingupon the position of elevated positioning pin of the series C3relatively to the position in which. the draw rod and frame .were leftby a previously operated pin. When the draw rod head C23 is rmly clamped.between the jaw blocks C22 and C24 the frame C1 is in a selectedposition in one direction.v

The draw rod C21 is garnished with a cham ./nelled cross head C32 and anextension C10 on the frame C1 is lfurnished with la nose C41 whichprojects into .the said channel. permits the frame C1, while followingthe movement of the draw rod C21, to be moved in another direction bythe carrier C2..

Mechanism, similar to that for moving the frame C1, is provided formoving the carrier C2,

in ctw-operation with the series of gauges C1, in a direction at rightangles to the movement of the frame C1. Fulcrumed onthe pivot c2 c ..r-.

the quadrant C13 is a second quadrant C25 which receives motion from thecams C14, C15 already referred to, through the aforesaid lever C18. Thislever through a spring box C20, connected to the spring box C12,operates a driving rod C2'I coupled to the said quadrant C25. A pair ofjaws C23, C29, mounted on a bearing block and aged to slide over thepins of the series C1, have pivoted to them the outer ends of a pair oflevers C30. C31, which are coupled at their other ends by a C12. Thelever C is connected to the Quadrant C by a link C33 and the lever C31has connected to it one end `of a link C34, the other end ci which ismounted on a red pivot C25. A draw bar C38 attached to the carrier C2passes through a bearing block C11"A on the jaw C22 and is furnishedwith a head C32. When the qu C2s to jaw lever C3o which, turning on itspivot on the lsmovod, motion 1s imported through una c232- jaw C28applies power to jaw-lever C31 through the coupling link C32. The jawC29 is advanced until it also contacts with the jaw C22 and the draw-barC36 of the carrier C2, which has been moved by either jaw, is arrestedwhen the head C38 is clamped between the block C21 and a block C42 onthe jaw C29, thus adjusting the plate C in its second direction ofmovement, Thus the combined movements of the frame C1 and carrier C2bring the required character or symbol on the plate C into the opticalaxis of the lens or lens system.

Before sets of jaws are returned to initial positions when the movementof the driving lever C18-is reversed by the cams C14, C15, leaving thedraw rods C21 with the frame C1 and the draw rod C36 with the carrier C2in the positions to which they had been moved and also ready to bepicked up and moved in accordance with the'positions denoted by the pinsin the series C3 and C4 next to beelevated.

When the plate-carrying frameC1 has been 'selectively positioned, asabove described, it is other end of which is connected to a rod or barC51, which in turn is connectedfto a rocking lever C52. This lever C52receives motion from twin cams C53 on the main cam shaft Y, Z, and israised so that the ribs on the aforesaid bars engage between any pair ofa series of teeth C49 on the four under sidesof the carrier C1 and lockit accurately in position. y

When the master plate has been positioned and locked as above described,the part B1 of the lens tube B, which extends through a central openingCs4 in the locking frame C411, is raised to bring its upper end intocontact with the master plate and surround the positioned or selectedcharacter thereon. The movements of the tube B1 are controlled by a pairoi cams B3 on the main camshaits Y and Z co-operating with a lever B4. Aforked arm of the lever B4 is coupled to the tube B1 while a second armhas attached to it a controlling spring B. A third arm of the lever B4is provided with pins b which enter slots b1 in a forked end of a-rod B6the other end of which is coupled to one end of a pivoted lever B1 whichis operated by the cams B3. rihese cams are adapted to withdraw the tubeB1 from contact with the plate C to allow for the adjustment of thelatter and when the rod B0 is moved forward the slots b1 allow the leverto turn on its pivot and the tube is raised into contact with the plateC by the spring B5.

The mechanism which operates the tube B1 is also conveniently employedto operate the lens shutter in timed relationship with the positioningof the plate C. The shutter is furnished with 'upwards and the lever B9is rocked to operate the trigger B8 of the lens shutter.

, The lens tube B has been described as stationary, but in order thatthe size of the characters impressed on the sheet D1 may be varied up ordown, within short limits, from the actual size of those on the masterplate C, provision is made for adjusting this tube. In the presentexample this adjustment is shown in the form of a rack B12 (see Fig. 4)attached to the tube body and a toothed pinion B13 provided with anadjusting knob B11. The adjustment may be made by means of a micrometerscrew,y or other form cf adjustment capable of working to very finelimits may be employed. To permit of the adjustment being made, theattachment of the trigger operating lever B9 to the rod B10 isadjustable by means of a sleeve-tting B (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4) and thebellows B13 will be extended or collapsed according to the direction ofmovement of the tube B. The source of illumination may be of any knownsuitable arrangement. In the arrangement illustrated an electric lamp G1is mounted in one arm of a kneed tube G and the rays from the lamp aredirected on to a reflector Cl-r1 and thence down the vertical arm of thetube G on toa pory tion of the character-bearing plate C as indicated bytheline a: (see Figs. 1 and 2).

Adjustments of the lens tube by which the size of the characters or, thelike, impressed on the receiving element D1 may be. enlarged or reducedrelatively to those on the master plate will be accompanied by acorresponding raising or lowering the reector relatively to thereceiving element. A convenient method of effecting this adjustmentcomprises a wedge-shaped member .A5 arranged to slide between the frameA1 upon which the reflector slides'and a baseAI therefor. 'Ihe faces ofthe frames A1 and base A1 are tapered to conform to thetaper of themember A3.

Convenientlyv the adjustment of the member A11 can be made by ahand-operated pinion A8 gearing with a rack A9 of the. member A1 (seeFigs. 2 and 3).

vAfter a character or other symbol has been photographed, thecontrolling record-strip is advanced, as will be described later, andtheresetting of the plate C, for the next character, initiated, and thereector A will afterwards be advanced-a step, by its driving gripper Euntil the latter is arrested by contact with a variable stop F whichwill be reset'also under the lcontrol of the record-strip, for the nextcharacter in question.

'Ihe gripper E (see Figs. 1, 2, 9 and 10) acts upon a draw-bar A5attached to the carrying frame A3 of the reflector A (see Figs. l, 2, 5and 11) and the extent of movement imparted to the reflector is in allcases determined by the adjustable and variable stop F which isinterposed in the path of the gripper, and is controlled throughtranslating mechanism by signals in the record-strip, so that it is setfor and according to the width or set value apportioned to eachcharacter, space, etc. to be projected. This driving gripper E (seeFigs. 9'and 10) 'conveniently comprises 'a split 'arm or lever E1,secured at its upper end to a rocker shaft E3. 'I'he lower end throughan opening in which the draw-bar A5 passes and between the draw-bar andan inclined upper wall of the opening in the block E1 is a sliding wedgeE5. Within the lever E1 is pivoted a lever E3 which is forked andslotted at its lower end to embrace pins e on the wedge E5. Normally thewedge E5 is pressed towards the left (as viewed in Fig. 9) by a springE6, and clamps the draw-bar A5 and the block E1 together, to be advancedas one by the movement of the lever E1 until a nose E53 on the block E*1comes against a portion of the variable stop F. The rocker shaft E3,which imparts the driving stroke to the gripper E, obtains its motionfrom a pair of cams E13 mounted on twin shafts Y, Z, which cams .engageone end of a bell crank lever E1'1 (see Fig. l) to transmit movementthrough a rod E15, embodying a spring box, to a crank E1f5 attached tothe rocker shaft E3.

After each advance of the reflector A, the

wedge E5 is caused to release the draw-bar A5 by a cam E1 mounted on ashaft E13 carried by the arms E1 of the gripper E (see Fig. 9).Connected to the shaft E3 is a short crank E11, to which is attached anoperating link E111 (see Fig. l0), the upper end of which is' connectedto one member of a bell-crank lever E11 carried on the forward end of arocker shaft E13. The rocker shaft E12 is operated by a pair of camsE1'I on the twin shafts Y, Z, which act upon a bell crank lever E111, totransmit motion through a rod E19, comprising a spring box, to a crankE10 secured to the rear end of a rocker shaft E12 (see Fig. l)

When the draw-bar A5 is released from the gripper E, a clamp E31 (seeFigs. 1, 2 and 5) engages the bar to hold the reflector againstaccidental disp1acement. This clamp is operated from cams E22 on thetwinshafts Y, Z, which through a bell crank lever E23, a, link E21 andabell crank lever E35, impart motion to a rod E23 embodying a spring boxand connected to a crank E21 on the clamp E21 (see Fig. 1).

On the completion of a line of composition, the reflector A is returnedto initial position and a convenient mechanism for this purposecomprises abell crank lever E31 fulcrumed on a shaft e1 and so arrangedthat one arm E31 thereof rests .in the path of the draw-bar A5 of thereflector and the other arm E33 bears against a cam E31 of the lever E1enters a. slot in a sliding block E1 (see Figs. l and 2). The cam E31 iscarried by the sleeve E35 loosely mounted on a shaft E311 which isdriven constantly vby gearing E3l from the camV shaft Z.

During the composition of a line, the shaft 'E'36 rotates idly and thesleeve E35 and the cam E31 remain stationary being locked by a. latchE11 (see Fig. l) which engages a, pawl E15 carried on the face of thecam E31.

The return movement of the reflector A is un- `der the control of asignal in the record strip (to be describedlater) and in this embodimentof the invention, the said signal admits air to either a pair ofcylinders E12 (see Fig. l5) only one of these cylinders being indicated,in Fig. l. The pistons of these cylinders act upon one arm of a pivotedbell crank lever E13 on the other arm of which lever .the latch E11 ispivoted.- When the lever E11 is operated the latch E11 is withdrawn andthe pawl E15 engages a ratchet wheel E on the end of the shaft E13, thuscoupling the sleeve E15 and shaft E33* together. When the shaft E311 andcam E31 complete one revolution the latch E11 has been returned by itsspring and engages the pawl E15 to disengage it from the ratchet wheelE1 and arrest the cam carrying;

sleeve E35.V The cam E11 has now also returned the lever E11 to initialposition.

Before the cam E31 actuates the return lever the clamp E21.

E31 for the reflector, the clamp E21 and the wedge E are renderedinoperative, the clamp E111-being operated by a second cam E28 mountedon the sleeve E (see Figs; 1 and 2). This cam E38 acts upon one arm of abell-crank lever E29, the other arm E of which'is coupled to a link E52attached When the reector has been returned to initial position by thecam E34,`the cam E22, through the lever E10, effects the withdrawal ofthe stop block E22 and the locking lever E22 for the wedge E5, allowingthe gripper E to resume the feeding movements of the reflector.

During the time the reflector A is being returned to initial position,the record-strip will continue to be advanced and, during the first twoaseaeei in accordance' with the setwise dimension appartioned to eachcharacter, gure, or other symbol,

or, for Justication or interword spaces in any K given line ofcomposition. l In passing it is-to be noted that spaces o blanks offixed dimensionswill be treated in the same manner as characters orsymbols, and only variable or interword spaces are treated ashereinafter described. Both kinds of spaces are represented bynon-translucent spaces on the mas ter plate C.

In the present embodiment the variable stop F for the reflector Acomprises a main or widthdenoting wedge F1, two justication wedgesF2,F3,- a character or like transfer wedge Fi and a space transfer wedgeF5. The two latter' wedges determine whether an advance ofthe reflectoris `wedges F1, F2 and F3 together.

cycles of the machine, will present successive signais for effecting thesetting of the justication gauges F2, F3 for the next line to bephotographed. These' two cycles may give sumcient time for returning thereflector, but, in order to avoid shock to the parts, several idle ornonproductive cycles of the machine may be provided, and inthe presentexample the gearing E57 (see Fig. i) is so contrived as to impart onerevo-1 luticn of the shaft E25 to five revolutions of the duced by thecomposer of the record-strip inserting successive signals, formed forexample by the combination ofthe two justication signals s, s1 together(see Fig. 16). Each of these signals will operate the latch E44 but asthe pawl E45 is travelling with its cam E35, this tripping will benonerrective. These three non-productive signals precede the signals forsetting the justication wedges and this feature will be referred tolater, when describing the pneumatic system andthe record-strip..

1n certain kinds of composition, it may be necessary to arrest thestep-wise advance of the reflector A during 'a line of composition,without returning it to initial position and mechanism is provided forthis purpose. I

Conveniently this is eected through signals in the record-strip whicheiiect the movement of one or other of a pair of air pistons E47 whichoperates a spring-controlled trip latch E (see Figs. 1 and 2). The noseof this latch, when op-` erated, passes undera tail piece E45 on thelever E11 of the gripper and prevents its responding to its normaldriving movement. The same recordstrip signal may also operate a pistonE5o which operates a bell-crank lever E51 and through a pin and slotcoupling with the ling E52 edects the operation of the stop block E25for the bar clamp E21 (see Figs. l and 2).

v'The .actual amount-of movement imparted to the reector A at each stepof its advance dur-I ing composition is determined, as stated above, by

the graduated or variable gauge stop F, which is, r

or members yof which` are, selectively positioned These wedges arearranged between. the nose E53 of the block E5 of the gripper E and astationary abutment F5G (see Figs. i, 2, 5 and'l) on l wcdge F1 actsbetween the wedge F1 and the stay tionary abutment F50.

For interwordspaces, the enlarged measurement, as denoted by the twojustication wedges F12 and F2is added to the minimum width given to aninterword space as denoted bythe wedge F1, and therefore when ,aninterword space is to be recorded, the character transfer wedgeF1 isrendered inoperative and the spacetransferwedge- F5 is interposedbetween the wedges F2 and-F5 vand the wedge F1. The two justificationywedges F2 and F3 are set for a particular line or composition, undercontrol of signals in the recordstrip, before the first character ofthat line is projected. Thus when characters, etc., are being composedthe effective movement of the re- The movements of the transfer wedgesF2', F1 are s controlled fromY the record-strip andmechanism socontrolled for operating the various elements of the variable gauge stopF will now be described.

The width-denoting wedge F1 is operated from a pair of jaws, F5, F7 (seeFigs. l and 5) which are mounted to reciprocate, on a guide `car F2,

above a plate through which project a series of record-strip controlledstop or gauge pins F?. similar to those already described forcontreliing the positioning of the master platev C. These jaws, haverearward extensions f5. f7 between, or in the path or moveemnt of which,projects a. head F10 on the end of thev stem F11 oi the wedge F1.

The jaws F2 has pivoted to -it one end or" a lever Y F12 which ispivotally connected to one end of a 'The quadrant F17 isI oscillated byvertical shaft F19 to which is coupled one end of a layer F25 (see undercontrolof signals in the record-strip, either Fig. 1), the other end ofwhich is connected to a driving rod F21 embodying a spring box F22. Thisdriving rod F21 is actuated by a lever F23 from twin cams D21, or thetwin cam shafts Y, Z. When the driving rod F31 is moved to the left (seeFig. 1) the quadrant F17 is also swung to the left and the lever F15,being restrained by a spring F25, turns on its pivot on the jaw F7 andthrough the link F12 causes the lever F12 to turn on its pivot on thelink F13, moving the jaw FB until it contacts with an elevated pin ofthe series F9 after which the continued movement of the quadrant F17causes the lever F12 to turn 'on its pivot on the jaw F6 and through thelink F16 cause the lever F15l to turns on its pivot on the link F16 andadvance the j'aw F7 against the tension of the spring F25 until this jawF7 contacts with the jaw F6 in which position the head F10 on the wedgeF1 will be clamped between the jaw extensions f5, f7 at the positiondenoted by the elevated pin.

The jaws F and F7 are returned to initial position by the returnmovement of the quadrant F17 (see Fig. 5) leaving'the wedge F1 to bere-set when the jaws are again closed.

. The main wedge F1 is locked after each setting by a spring-controlledpin F35 (see Figs. l and 12) a tooth F10 on which engages between teethF41 on the wedge. This pin is coupled to one end of an operating leverF36, which is connected through l tension F29 and lift the boss F29thereon into position to be engaged and set by the extensions on thejaws F6, F7 in their next closing .movement.

Whenthe two justiiication wedges have been set for a particular line ofcomposition, theyare locked aaginst movement until it is required toreset them for another line. 'Ihe wedge F2 is furnished on its uppersurface with a series of teeth F33 between any pair of which a tooth onthe lower end of a vertically movable and springcontrolled locking barF*13 may engage (see Figs. 5 and 12). Similarly the wedge F3 isfurnished with teeth F79 anda locking bar F71, A lever F32 fulcrumed ona shaft f3 engages the upper end of the locking bar F99 and has pivotedto its outer end a rocking lever F73 (see Figs. l2 and 13). This leverpasses up through a slot F76 inY the forward end of the driving leverF36 and is furnished with a head or collar F74. This rocking lever isheld in normal position by a spring F75 and the locking bar F69 is heldin engagement with the teeth on the wedge by a spring F77.

. When ,the wedge F2 is to be set, air is admitted each character orsymbol on the master plate is under control of the record-strip to anair cylinder F719 (see Figs. 12 and 13) forcing out a piston F79 thereinto engage on arm of a pivoted bell-crank lever F9 which, in turning onits pivot, engages through its other arm, the rocking lever F73, andmoves this lever so that itshead F74 is above the lever F39 behind theforward stepped end, when the lever F31i is in its lowered position.This lever F36, in rising, carries with it the levers F72 and F73 andlocking bar F99, leaving the wedge free to respond to the action of itspositioning jaws F6 and F7. When the lever F36 next descends 40 thelocking bar F69 re-engages the teeth on the cient characters of a givenunit value in the fount to fill a row completely.

In cases where a limited fount is used and it is considered desirable toarrange the characters in rows according to their unit value, then thewedge F1 could be positioned through suitable admitted to a cylinder F31(see Figs. 12 and 13) causing a piston F13 therein to act on one arm ofa bell-crank lever F13 to turn on its pivot and mechanism in companywith the master plate by the air pins and translating leversco-operating therewith and with the movement of the master plate in thedirection widthwise of the characters on the latter.

The jaws F1s and F7 are also employed in the present embodiment forsetting, in two otherwise non-productive cycles vof the machine, the twojustification wedges Fland F3. Pivoted to the wedge F2 is an extensionF2l (see Fig. 1) furnished with a boss F37 and a similar extension F@sfurnished with a boss F2 is pivoted to the wedge F3. Ihere are separatesignals for setting. these two wedges. When the first justificationsignal is presented by the record-strip, air passes momentarily by.l a.conduit to a cylinder F32. (see Figs. 1 and 15') beneath the extensionim on the justication wedge F2 and the piston working in this cylinderacts upon one arm oa bell-crank F32, to turn the wedge extension FW onits pivotV and litt the boss F27 thereon into the path of the jawextensions f, f' which, in closing, carry the justication wedge FB tothe position indicated by one or other of the pins of the series F9. Inthe engaage a rocking lever F94. 'Ihe upper end of this rocking levernormally rests idly in the slot F95 in the forward stepped end of thedriving lever F39. When the lever F84 is rocked a head F8B thereonpasses above the forward end of the lever .F311 The lower` end oftherocking lever F21 is pivoted to one endof a lever F197, which isfulcrumed on the shaft f2 and embraces the upper end of the locking barF71.' Thus the lever F36 in rising raises the locking bar F71 out ofengagement with teeth F7l on the Wedge F3 allowing it to respond to th'eaction of the positloning jaw F1, F7. On the next descent of the leverF319 the rocking lever is returend by a spring F19"A and the llockingbar re-engages the teeth on the wedge F3 through the action of a Spring.,i 1

As already stated, the extent of advance of the reflector, and thereforethe correct positioning of characters on the sheet D1, is determined forall such characters by the setting of the main wedge F1 and the transferwedge F1. To effect the justication of a line by expanding the in-l nextcycle of the machine the second transfer adjustment denoted by thema-inWedge F1 and wedge F3 is acted upon and set by the admission thereforethe transfer wedge F4 must be moved out of operative position and thetransfer wedge F be brought into action' between the main wedge F1 andthe justification wedges F2 and F2.

The transfer wedges F4 and F5 are reciprocated horizontally respectivelythrough rods F42 and F42 lying above each other and each pivotallyconnected t0 the rear ends of its respective wedge (see Fig. l). To therear end of the rod F4Z is pivotally attached one end of an actuatinglever' F44, the opposite end of which' is loosely mounted on a crossshaft Y1 through a compression link or spring box F45. f The rear end ofthe rod F41' is 'connected to one end or a lever F40 the opposite end oiwhich is coupled by a link F47 to the lever F44 at a point between itsends. A main driving lever F45 is connected by a link F42 to the leverF45 and is also coupled through a linlr F50 with one arm of a bell-cranklever F51 the other arm of which is acted upon by cams F52 on the maincam shafts Y, Z. With this arrangement either end of the lever F40 may,become the fulcrum and accordingly either the wedge F4 or F5 may berendered inoperative as required. Either wedge may be moved by theaction oi the cams F52 and either may be locked temporarily in itsinoperative position by a vertically reciprocating locking bar F54through an opening'F50 in. the lower end of which the two rods F42, F45attached to the wedges F4 and F5 pass (see Figs. 12, 13 and 14).Normally this bar F54 is retained in its lower position by a spring F51111i-which position the upper wall of the opening F50 engagesv operativeposition each time the main wedge F1 is positioned and locked. Wheninterword or justification spaces are to be produced then thelocking-bar F54 is raised against the resistance of the spring F55 andthe lower wall oi the openaeeaeer.

passes above the upper surface of the lever F20 behind the steppedportion and is raised with the latter in its upward movement, thuseffecting the actuation of the locking bar F54. When th'e lever F15 nextdescends the rod F52 is withdrawn by its spring 115", thus allowing thespring F55 to return the locking bar F54 to normal or'character-producing position.

The sensitised element on to which the characters are projected by themember A2 oi the the delivery spool D2, between an. idle roller D20- anda presser bar D4, then beneath a stationary bar D5 and nally between apresser roller D and a pivoted arcuate plate D1, to the taire-up spoolD2.

' During the composition of a line of matter,

the portion of the stationary nlm D1 to receive the line of charactersetc. is maintained in tension and is attened against the bar D5 by thegripping elements D50, D4, D5 and D7 (see Figs. 3 and itV ing in the barengages a notch F52 inthe underk .f

surface of the rod F43 attached tothe wedge F4 when the latter'is initsvinoperative position and fl frees the wedge F5, which now responds tothe action, through the aforesaid lever system, of the camsV F52, and isthereby moved into operative position between thewedge F1 and the wedgesF2, F2. This`change lasts during one cycle of the machine and to eeotthe operation of th'e vlocking bar F54 under control of a signal in theupper end of the bar F52 normally rests idly in a slot in the .forward.stepped end of the driving lever F50.

When the space transfer wedge F5 is to be brought into operation, acomponent of th'e air signal for an interword space raisesa piston in. acylinder F55- (see Figs. 12 and 13) which acts upon one varm of abell-crank lever F55 causing the other arm of the latter to turn the rodF52 on its pivot against the tension of a retaining spring F57.-

This'mOYement is timed to take place when the. driving lever F5@ is inits lowered position, s o that the rod F52 swings over, the head F52thereon engages the ratchet wheel D12.

withdrawable.

The presser roller D5 is mounted between pivoted arms D2 carried on across shaft D45 and is normally held against the lm and backing bysprings D2 (see Figs. 5 and 611) and the presser bar D4 is similarlysupported at its ends by arms D10 carried by a cross shaft D44, and isnormally heldagainst the film and its 'backing by springs D The take-upspool' D3 is supported at each end on spring-controlled pins D11 whichare axially When a line of composition has been coinpleted the take-upspool D2 is rotated by a pawl and ratchet wheel drive to bring a freshportion oi lm in front of the bar redector member A2.

Loosely mounted on a sleeve D12 surrounding thepin D31 at one end of thetake-up spool D2, is

a ratchet wheel D12 and on the race of this wheel are a series of radialslots D45 (see Fig. '3) into one or other of which a pin D47 in the endof the spool D5 enters and conveys the drive of the ratchet wheelthereto. A sleeve D45 is loosely mounted on the sleeve D13 is furnishedwith a tooth quadrant D15 and a driving pawl D14, which The teeth of thequadrant D15 mesh constantly with a rack D15 on a plunger D11 mounted toslide in bearings on the casing X (see Fig. 7).

Within the plunger is arranged a spring D10 one end of' which isattached to the said plunger 'whilst the other end is anchored to afixed pin d on the casing.

The rack carrying-plunger D11 is operated from a cam-D19 carried on ashaft D42 which, in rotating, engages a roller D205 on a pivoted lever iD20 which is coupled at its free end to the plunger cylinder D11 by apin arranged to work in a slot in a link D21 coupled to plunger D17.When the cam D12 is operated, motion is transmitted to the quadrant D15and the driving pawl D14 rides i over the,teeth of the ratchet wheelD12, the latter being restrained by a holding pawl D22, and

for the spool D2. the tendency will be to D5 and in line with the Whenthe spring Dlis free to act, as above described, the presser bar D4 (seeFigs. 3,16 and 6a) is raised to release the film by a cam D2'l whichacts upon a roller on one end of a pivoted lever D22, the other end ofwhich raises a lever D24 mounted on the shaft D carrying the presser barD4. When this presser bar has been so raised, the lm is drawn forward onto the take-up roller by the spring D18. The roller D8 pressing the filmagainst the surface of the arcuate plate D7 causes the latter to moveforward in company with the lm until the arm D25 of the saidplateencounters an adjustable gauge stop D2s (see Fig. 6), which actingagainst any over-tension in the spring D18, limits the precise movementof the film, and ensures that the linear movement of the film shall beconstant. When the feed movement is complete, the cam D2'I allows thepresser bar D4 to return and the film is heid against further movementby the bar D4 and roller D30. When this has taken place another cam D32mounted coaxially with the cam D2FI acts upon one end of a lever D23 torotate the shaft D43 and raise the presser roller D6. This results inthe arcuate plate D'1 returning under gravity to initial position inwhich the arm D25 thereof comes against a zero stop D22.

' The distance between the lines of any piece of composition may bevaried, by adjustment of the gauge stop D26, which is conveniently inthe form of a turnable snail cam. y

This feed movement of the filn'iD1 is arranged to take place during thetime the reflector A is being returned to initial position and the shaftD*2 carrying the cams D19, Das and D27 may derive motion from themechanism controlling the return of the reflector. For this purposethere is mounted on the outer end of the shaft D42 a bevel wheel D31which gears with a similar `Wheel D22 on a short shaft DI*3 mounted in abracket on the casing X (see Figs, l and 5). On the outer end of thisshaft is xed a sprocket wheel D24 coupled by a chain D25 to a sprocketD36 on the sleeve E25 carrying the reflector controlling cams E34 andE38.

When the film is all on the take-up spool, it can be removed by thewithdrawal of the slid-l ing pins D37. The delivery spool is likewisemounted on slidable pins D2".

The driving elements for the nlm are shown in Fig. l in a somewhatconventional or diagrammatic manner, the equivalents where possiblebeing indicated by the same reference letters as used for the equivalentparts in other figures of the drawings.

In place of a sensitised film of page size mounted upon delivery andtake-up spools, a film appropriate for a page or column of compositionor a series of lines one beneath the other, may

be temporarily mounted on a solid plate, in which case a toothed wheelmay be mounted on the shaft of the ratchet wheel and gear with a rack onthe said plate. In this case the holding devices for the film may bedispensed with, anda.

locking device provided for preventing accidental movement of the plateduring the composition ci a line of matter. e

With such an arrangement the casing in which thesensitised sheet isenclosed would be length- `ened to allow the plate to be moved the 'fulllength of the sheet employed.

Should it be desired to compose the matter 'on an intermediateelement,.in the form of a strip on which the lines are composed-end toend instead of page-wise as above described, then the delivery andtake-up rolls will be arranged at right angles to those shown anddescribed, and

` the extent of feed movement given to the lm at the end of a line ofcomposition would be varied so that sufficient blank spaces would beprovided between thel end of one line and the commencement of another.

There remains to be described the controlling record-strip andthepneumatic systeml by which the signals'in the record-strip are conveyedto the desired stations to operate, or control the operation of, partsor units already described.

In passing, it is to be stated that the preparation of the record-stripis not part of the present invention and such strips can be prepared orcomposed on machines already known for ypreparing record-strips forsingle-type casting and composing machines, These machines maybe dividedinto two classes; in one class, the maximum number of components in eachnormal signal will be three, one component for each of the two series ofgauges controlling the positioning of the master plate and a third forthe measuring gauge for the reflector. In the other class of machines,in order to reducev the width' ,points or stations, and these valves actto divert streams of air from their normal station to some other one.lThese compound signals can reduce the actual number f punches employedto punch the holes in the strip and provide all the required signalcomponents.

In the present embodiment of the invention, for the salse of simplicityof description, a recordstrip is shown prepared according to the firstmentioned method.

It is necessary also to state that this recordstrip is delivered to thephoto-composing machine in the reverse order of composition, so that, inthe succession of events the justification adjustments for a line,actually formed in the record-strip after the signals for a completeline have been produced, will be first presented to the bar H, then thecharacters and spaces in the said line in inverse order of compositionwill be successfully presented until the last character for the line hasbeen photographed, such last photographed character being actually theiirst character in the line :for reading purposes.

In Fig. 16 there is shown a short piece oi record-strip R with typicalsignals employed. From the ports comprising three groups i, 2 and 3, inthe air-bar H, air is led by conduits to a distributing block H1 (seeFig. l5) 'from which separate series pipes from groups i and 2 conveyair to each pin in the series C3, vC4 controlling the se lectivepositioning of the master plate C, and from the group to the pins in theseries F9 controlling the positioning of the main wedge or gauge stop F1and the supplementary gauge stops F2 and F3. In group in addition to theports for controlling the positioning of wedges or gauge stops F1, F2and F3, there are tour other ports H2, H3, E4l and H5. i

Theport E2 is opened to the air supply by the perforation s in therecord-strip R, which is a component of the rst justiiication signal,and allows air to travel by the conduit S to the cyl inder'F30 to raisethe extension F35 oi the ,instia lication wedge F2, so that thepositioning jaws F6, F" acting on the pins of the positioning gauge Fwill set this wedge for a particular line of composition. A branch S2from the pipe S leads to the cylinder F8 causing the level F39 to une'lock the wedge F2 prior to its being set. Another branch S4 of the pipeS leads to one oi the cylinders E# to cause the lever E43 in certaincircumstances, to inaugurate the mechanism for returning the reector Ato initial position and the feeding forward of the light-sensitiveelement D1, and a further branch pipe's of the pipe- S leads to oneofthe-cylinders E to cause the lever E49 to render inoperate the wedge Eof the gripper E. Stillanother branch S8 of the pipe S leads to one ofthe cylinders B" to causel a stopB18 to act on the lever B11 to preventthe 'operation of the shutter (see Fig. 15). Simi larly the port H3 whenopened to the air supply by the perforation s1, which is a component ofthe second justification signal. in the recordstrip, allows air to passby the pipe S1 to theV cylinder ll@3 to raise the extension im of thejustification wedge FB so that the latter can be set for a particularline'by the jaw levers acting. in co-operation with an elevated pin ofthe series F9. Branches S3, S5, S7 and S9 lead from the pipe S1 to the,cylinders F31, EM, B17 and E aseaooi s, s1 is to set in motion themechanism Afor rel .ing forward the light-sensitive element D1.

turning the reector to initial position and feedV The pistons inthecylinders E42 act upon an arm of the trip lever E43. This lever E43 willbe acted upon by each successive presentation of the combined sil s, s1but since by the first presentation the pawl E45 has been carried awayby the cam, this and the succeeding presentations of the signais S, S1are non-eHeciive on the restoring mechanism since'the last signals S1alone of the group is given before the pawl is back again in position tobe engaged by the latch E44.

After the justication wedges have been set'for any particular line ofcomposition, the next sigfour perforatlons, S5, si, s'1 being one foreach of the three gauges C3, C4 and F9 and an additional one s8 tooperate cylinder F65 of the transfer wedge mechanism. This is followedby another word W of four characters, again an interword Y space W1, aword W of three characters, an interrespectively to effect operations asalready de scribed with reference to the pipe S.

An additional pipe S1 leads from the pipe S1 to the cylinder E50 causingthe lever vE51 to act on the cla-mp E21. The port H4 in the group 3 iscontrolled by a perforation s which'is a component of the signal for aninterword 'or justification space and'controls the admission of air toa. pipeS11 leading to the cylinder F85 which, as already described,renders the measurements denoted by the wedges F2, Fs eective on theadvance ofthe redactor.

The remaining port H5 in group El is controlled by a perforationsl inthe record-strip and leads toa pipel S40 to admit, air to the cylinder Jcontrolling the shifting of a driving belt or a clutch for the maindriving shaft of the machine.

Before the' machine is started, the leading sis nal in the record-stripshould be placed over the ports in the air bar H. In the example shownthe first four signals s, s1 represent the two justication signals for aparticular line formed together and the fth signal S1 is the secondjustication signal alone for the same line.

In operation, each of these four signals s, s) will be accompanied by aperforation belonging to group 3 to determinethe position to winch thewedges F2,- la will be moved. Both s'ils pre sented together, as shown,will shift the two wedges F2, F3 to the same place and the composerofthe record-strip will choose a signal indicating the-correct positionfor thewedge F2. The th signal s1 alone will result in the second wedgeFi being correctly positionedwhich position .for the line in questionwill be indicated by perforation (not shown) belonging t0 group 3. Theseword space W1, and iinally a word W of three characters.

The ve signals s, s1 above referred to will precede every line in apiece of composition, if as already stated the return of the reector Ato initial position occupies five cycles of the machine including twocycles during which the wedges F3, E@ are set for a'given line. Shouldit be deemed practical to return the reector to initial position, saydining two cycles, then only the two justification signals, s, s1successively presented, would be necessary and the gearing between thecam shaft and the shaft E36 may be modified accordingly.

Ass that the line is the last in a piece of composition then the signalsS9, s10 shown at the bottom of the'sample record-strip would beoperated. One component S9 of each of these signals is a justicationsignal winch controls the aforesaid locking out devices, each time it isoperated, and the other component s1o is a stop signal which controlsthe supply of air to a cylinderV J, the piston in which controls theoperation of a trigger J1. This trigger engages a collar or aspring-controlled rod J2 and on being released,

this rod operates under its spring to move the 4 posing machine, thecombination of, a projection ve signals WilL'inaddition to setting theiusti cation wedges, lock out the'various devices as.

already described..

Another function of the -ilrst combined signal lens, an image-bearingmaster plate, means controllable by a record-strip for selectivelymoving the master plate relatively to the focal axis of the lens, astationary support for a light-sensitive element at a iixed focal plane,a reflector arranged between the said lens and Vsaid focal plane, andmeans controllable by a record-strip for imparting successive linearmovements to the reiiector relatively to the axis of the said lens andfocal plane and maintaining a constant focal length.

2; In a-photo-lnechanical typographical composing machine, thecombination of, a projection lens, a master plate having translucentimages,

translating mechanism for moving the masterV platerelatively to thefocal axis of. the lens, grad- "cated gauges selectively controlling.the move y A' ments of the translating mechanism, a stationary

